What You Need to Know About E-Bike Legislation for California in 2025

California’s e-bike legislation, updated in 2025, clarifies classifications, power limits, and safety requirements for electric bicycles. The law defines three classes of e-bikes with specific speed and throttle rules, limits motor power to 750 watts, and mandates battery safety certifications by 2026. Riders under 16 face restrictions on Class 3 e-bikes, and new regulations aim to enhance safety while preserving accessibility for e-bike users.

How Has California’s E-Bike Legislation Changed in 2025?

In 2025, California enacted Senate Bill 1271, redefining electric bike classifications and safety standards. The law limits all e-bike motors to a maximum of 750 watts, ensuring e-bikes remain distinct from mopeds or motorcycles. It prohibits throttles on Class 1 and Class 3 e-bikes, while allowing throttles on Class 2 e-bikes but capped at 20 mph. The legislation also introduces mandatory third-party battery safety certifications effective by January 2026 to reduce fire risks. These changes clarify existing rules and address safety concerns amid growing e-bike popularity.

What Are the Three Classes of E-Bikes Under California Law?

California law defines Class 1, Class 2, and Class 3 e-bikes. Class 1 and 2 assist up to 20 mph—Class 2 includes a throttle. Class 3 provides assist up to 28 mph but requires a speedometer and is restricted to riders age 16+ with helmets.

California law categorizes e-bikes into three classes based on motor assistance and speed limits:

• Class 1: Pedal-assist only, no throttle, motor assists up to 20 mph.
• Class 2: Throttle-assisted, motor assists up to 20 mph.
• Class 3: Pedal-assist only, no throttle, motor assists up to 28 mph, riders must be 16 or older.

These classes regulate where and how e-bikes can be used, with Class 3 e-bikes subject to age restrictions and helmet requirements to enhance rider safety.

E-Bike Class Comparison Chart

How Does the 750-Watt Motor Power Limit Affect E-Bike Use in California?

The 2025 law caps e-bike motor power at 750 watts to prevent conversion into high-speed electric motorcycles. This limit balances performance with safety, ensuring e-bikes remain manageable and legal for bike paths and roads. Manufacturers must comply by producing e-bikes with motors at or below this threshold. This power cap helps maintain e-bikes’ classification as bicycles, exempting them from registration, licensing, and insurance requirements that apply to motor vehicles.

What Are the New Battery Safety and Certification Requirements?

To address fire hazards linked to lithium-ion batteries, California mandates that all e-bike batteries sold in the state undergo third-party safety testing and certification by January 1, 2026. This ensures batteries meet rigorous safety standards, reducing risks of overheating or combustion. Rental companies must also comply by 2028, ensuring rented e-bikes have certified batteries. This legislation promotes consumer safety and encourages manufacturers to prioritize battery quality.

Where Can You Legally Ride E-Bikes Under California Law?

E-bikes classified as Class 1 and Class 2 are generally allowed on bike lanes, multi-use paths, and many trails. Class 3 e-bikes, due to their higher speed capability, are restricted from certain bike paths and trails but permitted on roads with speed limits up to 45 mph. Local jurisdictions may impose additional restrictions. Riders must adhere to helmet laws and age limits, particularly for Class 3 e-bikes. Understanding where each class can be legally ridden helps ensure compliance and safety.

Who Is Subject to Age Restrictions and Helmet Requirements?

California law requires all e-bike riders under 18 to wear helmets. Specifically, riders of Class 3 e-bikes must be at least 16 years old. There are no age restrictions for Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes, but helmet use is strongly recommended. These rules aim to protect younger riders from injury risks associated with higher speeds and motor assistance.

Can Illegal or Non-Compliant E-Bikes Be Confiscated or Penalized?

Yes, law enforcement agencies may confiscate e-bikes that do not comply with California’s classification, speed, or safety requirements, especially those marketed as e-bikes but capable of speeds or power beyond legal limits. Manufacturers and dealers selling non-compliant e-bikes may face penalties under new regulations. Consumers are advised to verify compliance before purchase to avoid legal issues.

What Are the Proposed New Categories for Electric Two-Wheelers Without Pedals?

A proposed bill (SB 586) seeks to create a new classification called “eMotos” for two-wheeled electric vehicles without pedals, such as Sur Ron-style bikes. These vehicles are not street-legal and do not require registration but are distinct from traditional e-bikes. This legislation aims to clarify the legal status of these popular off-road electric vehicles, separating them from pedal-equipped e-bikes.

Purchasing Advice

When purchasing an e-bike in California, ensure it complies with the 2025 legislation by confirming it falls within the three legal classes, has a motor power no greater than 750 watts, and features certified batteries. Verify the presence or absence of a throttle based on class requirements. Prioritize buying from reputable brands like HOVSCO that adhere to safety standards and offer warranty support. Consider your intended use—commuting, trail riding, or recreation—to select the appropriate class. Investing in a compliant e-bike protects your safety and legal standing.

HOVSCO Expert Views

“HOVSCO recognizes that clear, updated e-bike legislation in California is vital to fostering safe and responsible riding,” states a HOVSCO regulatory specialist. “Our commitment is to design e-bikes that not only meet but exceed these evolving standards, integrating certified batteries and compliant motor systems. We believe that educating riders on legal classifications and safety requirements empowers them to enjoy e-biking confidently and sustainably.”

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: Do I need a license to ride an e-bike in California?
A: No license is required for Class 1, 2, or 3 e-bikes, but riders must follow age and helmet laws.

Q: Can I use a throttle on any e-bike class?
A: Throttles are only allowed on Class 2 e-bikes and must not propel the bike beyond 20 mph.

Q: Are e-bike batteries required to be certified in California?
A: Yes, all e-bike batteries sold must be safety certified by January 1, 2026.

Q: What happens if my e-bike exceeds the 750-watt motor limit?
A: It may be classified as a motor vehicle, requiring registration and licensing, and could be subject to confiscation.

Q: Can minors ride Class 3 e-bikes?
A: No, riders must be at least 16 years old to operate Class 3 e-bikes.

Electric bikes, commonly known as e-bikes, are the latest buzz in the town. They are pretty famous among the people of the various regions of California. People are using e-bikes to avoid additional taxes and enjoy sweat-free commuting.

People get attracted to e-bikes due to their speed, convenient availability, and efficiency. These vehicles can sometimes be dangerous, especially when you don't drive carefully.

Also, you have to follow some rules and regulations regarding e-bikes in California to prevent accidents. This blog post will let you know about the laws and regulations about e-bikes in California to stave off any casualty.

California Definition For E-Bikes

California classifies e-bikes into three types based on speed and motor assistance. Class 1 and 2 assist up to 20 mph, while Class 3 assists up to 28 mph. All must have a motor under 750 watts and operate without a throttle for Class 1 and 3.

As per the law of California of vehicle code (CA), e-bikes are classified as conventional bicycles. Electric bikes shouldn't exceed 750W and must not exceed 28mph on ground level. Moreover, you should know the class and type of your e-bike. It'll tell you where and how you can ride.

For example, Class 3 electric bikes require the rider to wear a helmet in California. Class 2 e-bike users and below can be of any age and can also access pathways meant for cyclists. We can classify e-bikes into three classes.

Let's discuss three classes first:

Class: 01:

Class 1 is classified and provides assistance only when you are walking pedal and stops helping when you reach 20mph - it is excellent for bike paths, bike lanes, roads, or anywhere you take a traditional bike.

Class: 02:

The Class 02 electric bike is provided with a throttle that gives a boost without pedaling and stops stimulating at 20 mph.

Class: 03:

The e-bike that's equipped with a speedometer and can only be assisted until the bike reaches 28mph. That's a fantastic option for commuters. The most favorite categories for e-bikers are class 1 and class 3 because commuters still want to pedal.

Laws For E-Bikes Un California

E-bike riders in California must follow specific rules based on the bike’s class. Class 3 e-bikes are restricted from bike paths unless allowed by local authorities, and helmets are mandatory. E-bikes are generally allowed where regular bikes can go, but always check local regulations.

Various types of e-bikes can be seen on different roads in California. These additional capabilities help customers, pedestrians, and drivers be safe. You need to follow some rules and regulations about e-bikes in California.

Is License or Insurance Required For E-bikes in California?

No license, registration, or insurance is required to operate an e-bike in California. However, riders must follow class-specific rules and traffic laws. Class 3 riders must wear helmets and be at least 16 years old to legally operate their e-bike.

Electric bike commuters don't have to keep any licenses. But the age of the bike rider should be 16 years and older. Also, your e-bike does not require you to be registered and licensed.

Restrictions on Motor Power and Throttle: In the state of California, your e-bike can not exceed 750 watts.

Age Restrictions

California requires riders of Class 3 e-bikes to be at least 16 years old. There are no age restrictions for Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes, but all riders under 18 must wear a helmet regardless of class.

For riding an e-bike in California, your age must be 16 and older. If you're 16+ and want to ride an e-bike, it must reach 28 mph or more.

Riding on the Trails

E-bike access on trails in California depends on the trail type and local regulations. Class 1 e-bikes are generally allowed on multi-use trails, while Class 2 and 3 may be restricted. Always check posted signs or local trail rules before riding.

If you've got a class 3 e-bike, you aren't allowed to ride on any bicycle trail or path, bikeway, equestrian trail, or hiking trail. You are only allowed if the way is adjacent to a roadway or if the governing body or the local authorities of a public agency permit you to ride over the path or allow you to permit them by ordinance.

California's E-bike Trail laws

California allows local governments to regulate e-bike use on trails. Class 1 e-bikes are often permitted on bike and multi-use paths, while Class 2 and 3 may be restricted. Mountain bike and hiking trails often prohibit motorized bikes, including e-bikes.

A few other rules for e-bikes are as follows:

In California State parks, the e-bikes that come under Class 1 and Class 2 may be allowed where you can ride bicycles or unless the paths aren't explicitly prohibited. You can contact California State Parks for further information.

As of the latest law of August 29th, 2019, all-electric bikes up to 750 watts are now allowed in natural parks, Federal Lands, or anywhere an ordinary bicycle can access. National Forests are the exception, the Department of Agriculture manages the forests, and the changes aren't implemented in the forests. Only changes are aligned to Federal land to the latest order.

Is SideWalk Prohibited?

In California, riding e-bikes on sidewalks is generally prohibited, especially for Class 3 e-bikes. Local cities may have specific regulations for sidewalk use. Riders should use bike lanes or streets and always follow posted signs and local laws to ensure safety.

In some states, these e-bikes are prohibited from riding on sidewalks in San Francisco or any state with a particular law banning them. California law also allows local municipalities to make their law for sidewalk bikes. However, these exceptions are only for under-age children. Usually, around 10 or 11, to ride away from traffic. Kids under 16 years old aren't allowed e-bikes.

FAQs

1. Are E-Bikes Allowed In California?

Yes, E-bikes are allowed on most public roads and trails in California. There are some restrictions in place, such as a maximum speed limit. Whether riding an E-bike or a regular bicycle, always be mindful of other riders and pedestrians and ride responsibly.

2. What Is The Maximum Speed Limit For E-Bikes In California?

The maximum speed limit for E-bikes in California is 20 miles per hour (32 kilometers per hour). This speed limit applies to both pedal-assist and throttle-powered E-bikes. Always be sure to check local signage for any additional restrictions that may be in place.

3. Are Helmets Required For E-Bike Riders In California?

Yes, all cyclists in California are required to wear a helmet when riding. This includes both E-bike riders and regular bicycle riders. They are needed to protect you in case of an accident.

4. Do I Need A License To Ride An E-Bike In California?

No, you do not need a license to ride an E-bike in California. However, you must register your E-bike with the state if it is powered by a motor with more than 750 watts of power.

Conclusion

Abiding by the new e-bike legislation in California is important to avoid getting fined and help keep everyone on the road safe. By understanding the different classifications of e-bikes and knowing where you are allowed to ride them, you can ensure that you are riding legally and safely.

So there you have it! Everything you need to know about the new e-bike legislation in California. Be sure to brush up on the rules before heading out on your next ride, and happy cycling!